Progressive Radio Network

AJC Radio - Where Are We Now Since the Death of George Floyd? Part 2

Join the Hosts and our special guest Eric Reinhart, a political and medical anthropologist, psychoanalyst, and resident physician at Northwestern University in Chicago. He is also Lead Health and Justice Systems Researcher at the Data and Evidence for Justice Reform (DE JURE) program in the Research Group of The World Bank.
 
Although the American system of justice is the most-respected worldwide, it is still a system designed, and operated, by humans, which means it's not perfect. The hosts will highlight ongoing struggles against "the system" and what happens when justice miscarries against our American citizens.
A Just Cause is continues campaign for "FreeTheIRP5," who were wrongly convicted for a crime they didn't commit. Read full story: www.freetheirp6.org.

Economic Update: ”The Socialism Issue”

On this week's show, Prof. Wolff talks about the recreation of `company towns' (eg., Kalamazoo, MI) by the richest US capitalists, Biden and the reality of US jobs lost, how and why the US follows UK decline, and rising mass alienation from established political leaders and parties. The second half of the program features a discussion of socialism without Cold War taboos''
 

Alternative Visions - Unpacking US GDP 2021 + Will Fed Interest Rates Halt Inflation?

The Biden administration this week hypes the 2021 US GDP release of 5.7% growth for 2021 as ‘fastest growth in 38 years’. Yet poll after poll show US households very downbeat and negative about the course and future of the US economy. Who’s right? The politicians or consumers?  This show will unpack the just release preliminary figures for US GDP for 2021 and for latest 4th quarter. Why the hyped 5.7% is not all that relevant for the average consumer and household—whether measured in inflation, jobs, wage incomes or even future GDP growth in 2022-23.  What’s the real rate of inflation and thus actually lower GDP? Why GDP has been over-inflated since 2013. Why sectors of GDP growth in 2021 are set to slow in 2022.  The second major announcement of last week was Fed chair Powell’s declaration that interest rates will rise starting March 2022. Why rate hikes won’t halt inflation, however, and may actually slow the real economy and push financial markets toward more instability.
 
 

Leid Stories - 01.28.22

It's "Free Your Mind Friday" on Leid Stories, so we make our usual tweaks.
We dispense with our regular program format and become an open forum so that callers can express their views.

The Whistleblower Newsroom - INTERVIEW WITH HISTORIAN DANIELE GANSER ON NATO

FROM COLD WAR TO 9/11 TO UKRAINE: HISTORIAN GANSER EXAMINES NATO’S HISTORY OF ILLEGAL ACTIVITIES
Historian Daniele Ganser details how US-controlled NATO, now the world’s largest military alliance, was formed during the Cold War as a collective defense organization for retaliating against a possible Soviet attack on Western Europe that never materialized. During that time, under CIA and MI6 leadership, NATO had formed an illegal network of secret guerilla armies in Europe known as Gladio. Instead of dissolving NATO after the Soviet Union collapsed, the US has continued using NATO as an offensive military force, extending its military power and illegally attacking countries that have never attacked NATO members such as Serbia, Libya, Iraq and Afghanistan. Now, the US is using NATO to threaten Russia over the Ukraine.

The Gary Null Show - 01.28.22

Study finds vitamin D supplements with or without Omega-3s decreased risk of autoimmune diseases
 
Brigham and Women’s Hospital, January 27 2022
 
Autoimmune diseases (AD) such as rheumatoid arthritis, polymyalgia rheumatica, autoimmune thyroid disease and psoriasis, are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality as people age. Few effective treatments are available for AD, but some preclinical studies have hinted that supplements, including vitamin D and omega-3 (or n-3) fatty acids, may have beneficial effects. In a new study published in BMJ, investigators from Brigham and Women’s Hospital evaluated whether taking vitamin D and/or omega fatty acid supplements could affect rates of AD. The team tested this in the large-scale vitamin D and Omega-3 Trial (VITAL), a randomized study which followed participants for approximately five years. Investigators found the people who took vitamin D, or vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids had a significantly lower rate of AD than people who took a placebo.
 
(NEXT)
 
Blueberry extract outperforms radiation in killing cervical cancer cells, study reveals
 
University of Missouri, January 27, 2022
 
Recent research has focused on attempts to identify radiosensitizers – or non-toxic, natural substances that can make radiation more effective – and (you guessed it) blueberry extract is emerging at the forefront – with a new study showcasing its ability to work along with radiation to combat cervical cancer. In a study of human cancer cells conducted at the University of Missouri, researchers found that combining blueberry extract with radiation increased the treatment’s effectiveness.
 
(NEXT)
 
Physical activity protects against type 2 diabetes by modifying metabolism
 
University of Eastern Finland, January 26, 2022
 
Regular physical activity significantly changes the body’s metabolite profile, and many of these changes are associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, a new study from the University of Eastern Finland shows. The study population included more than 7,000 men who were followed up for eight years. Men in the highest physical activity category had a 39% lower risk of type 2 diabetes than men who were physically inactive. Physical activity was associated with the levels of a total of 198 metabolites, i.e., compounds formed as a result of the body’s metabolism, and increased physical activity had an impact on some of the same metabolites that have previously been associated with a health-promoting diet. In addition, the study showed that increased physical activity improves insulin secretion.
 
(NEXT)
 
Food as medicine
 
Mayo Clinic, January 26 2022. 
 
The oft-heard adage “Let food be thy medicine” appears to be valid advice according to the results of a first of its kind study published on January 26, 2022 in the Journal of Nutrition. “Based on the outcomes seen in our study, using this type of food as medicine approach expands the options for medical professionals and patients,” first author Stephen Kopecky, MD, FACC, of the Mayo Clinic commented. “Many patients who are unwilling or unable to take statin drugs may be able to help manage their high cholesterol, or hyperlipidemia with a realistic food-based intervention.”
 
(NEXT)
 
Maternal consumption of soft drinks may be linked to ADHD symptoms in offspring
 
University of Bergen (Norway), January 27, 2022
 
Norwegian, Swedish and Dutch researchers examining a large Norwegian population-based cohort recently reported in European Journal of Nutrition that daily maternal intake of sweetened carbonated beverages (SCB) in pregnancy was associated with an increase in ADHD symptoms among offspring at eight years of age.
 
(VIDEO)
 
1. Barrister Una McGurk (Ireland) on pandemic and cancel culture – 6 minutes
2. VOICES PROFESSOR DOLORES CAHILL (2:56)
3. VOICES: ANNE MCCLOSKEY GP (3:48)
4. VOICES: DR PAT MORRISSEY (5:02)
5. VOICES: DR MARCUS DE BRUN (5:13)
 
(OTHER NEWS)
 
How 5G Puts Airplanes at Risk – An Electrical Engineer Explains
 
By Prasenjit Mitra, Professor of Information Sciences and Technology, Penn State. The Conversation, January 26, 2022
 
New high-speed cellphone services have raised concerns of interference with aircraft operations, particularly as aircraft are landing at airports. The Federal Aviation Administration has assured Americans that most commercial aircraft are safe, and AT&T and Verizon have agreed to hold off on installing their new cellphone antennas near airports for six months. But the problem has not been entirely resolved.
 
Concerns began when the U.S. government auctioned part of the C-band spectrum to wireless carriers in 2021 for US$81 billion. The carriers are using C-band spectrum to provide 5G service at full speed, 10 times the speed of 4G networks. The C-band spectrum is close to the frequencies used by key electronics that aircraft rely on to land safely. Here’s why that can be a problem.
 
Wireless signals are carried by radio waves. The radio spectrum ranges from 3 hertz to 3,000 gigahertz and is part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The portion of the radio spectrum that carries the signals from your phone and other wireless devices is 20 kilohertz to 300 gigahertz.
 
If two wireless signals in the same area use the same frequency, you get garbled noise.
 
Modern airplanes use altimeters, which calculate the time it takes for a signal to bounce back from the ground to determine a plane’s altitude. These altimeters are a vital part of automatic landing systems that are especially useful in cases where there is low visibility.
 
So, if an altimeter interprets a signal from a wireless carrier as the rebounded signal from the ground, it may think that the ground is closer than it is and prematurely try to lower the landing gear and do the other maneuvers that are needed to land an aircraft. If interference with wireless carrier signals corrupts and garbles the altimeter’s radio signals, the altimeter may not recognize the rebounded signal and thus be unable to figure out how close to the ground the plane is.
 
The portions of the radio frequency spectrum used by airplanes and cellphone carriers are different. The problem is that airplane altimeters use the 4.2 to 4.4 gigahertz range, while the recently sold – and previously unused – C-band spectrum for wireless carriers ranges from 3.7 to 3.98 gigahertz. It turns out the 0.22 gigahertz difference between the signals may not be quite enough to be absolutely sure that a cellphone carrier signal will not be mistaken for or corrupt an altimeter’s signal.
 
(NEXT)
 
The Scientific Misconduct Story Behind Ivermectin
 
Joseph Mercola, January 26, 2022
 
STORY AT-A-GLANCE In mid-February 2021, Dr. Andrew Hill at Liverpool University published a scientific meta-analysis of six randomized controlled trials involving the use of ivermectin. The review, funded by the World Health Organization and UNITAID, found the drug increased viral clearance and reduced COVID-19 deaths by 75%, yet the conclusion of the paper was dismissive In early April 2021, Hill was accused of scientific misconduct by the French civic group, Association BonSens. BonSens claims Hill manipulated data to downplay the usefulness of ivermectin. Hill admitted that the study sponsor had crafted the conclusion In early August 2021, Hill published a public notice stating one of the six studies included in his analysis had been withdrawn due to fraudulent data. A revised analysis excluding that study was published in November 2021 In the November revision, Hill included 23 randomized clinical trials, concluding ivermectin had no statistically significant effect on survival or hospitalizations Other meta-analyses of 13 to 24 studies have found reductions in death ranging from 62% to 91%. Recent research has also found a five-day course of ivermectin at a dose of 12 mg per day sped up viral clearance, reducing the duration of symptomatic illness by three days compared to placebo (9.7 days versus 12.7 days)

The Expat Files: 01.28.22

Description- EXPAT FILES SHOW #1121 FRI, JAN 28 (01-28-2022) 
THE SEMINAR IS FINALLY ON!!!
HERE ARE THE NEW DATES FOR JOHNNY’S 2022 LATIN AMERICAN “EXPAT INSIDER- FRIDAY FEBUARY 18th THRU FRIDAY NIGHT FEBUARY 25th.
Visit www.expatplanb.com for the complete info and sign up details or click or paste this seminar link into your browser: 
https://www.expatplanb.com/february-2022-seminar/
#1- Love, Romance and the beautiful Spanish tutor:
A very interesting and amusing “boots on the ground” story
#2- Observing the toxic “Latin Jealousy Gene” close up and personal:
#3- Why my Plan “C” or “D” just might include one of two nice cities in Colombia:
The three big downsides why Colombia could be Plan “C” but not “Plan B”  
 
#4- A few more very good reasons to avoid Mexico:
Like we needed more… 
 
#5- A few choice tips from an OG regarding newbee Crypto whiners, complainers and doomsayers:
If you can’t take the heat…
#6- Do you want to get into the exploding Crypto-currency world but don’t feel quite confident enough to pull the trigger?
Our own Captain Mango has developed a unique Crypto consulting and training service (he’s been deep into crypto since 2013). To get started, email him at:
bewarecaptainmango@gmail.com
#7- Be sure to pick up my newly updated, "LATIN AMERICAN HEALTHCARE REPORT":
The new edition for 2022 (and beyond) is available now, including the latest "Stem Cell Clinic" info and data and my top picks for the best treatment centers for expats and gringos. Just go to www.ExpatPlanB.com and click on the "Latin American Healthcare Report”.
 
 

LOA Today - A Visit From Beau Maxwell

Okay, this was just plain fun.
Beau Maxwell is the creator of The SAGE Method, a course dedicated tohelping people to develop that natural sixth sense we are all born withbut most of us have long blocked or covered up.
She tell us her story about how as a spiritual atheist she wasconfronted one day by the impish spirit of her departed grandmother.
It led her to a meeting with a spirit guide, and when she asked what hewas here to tell her, suddenly the entire world of Source Energy startedto open up for her.
She has made it her mission in life to help people who are ready andwilling to be helped to navigate their own, unique connection with theother side.
And if along the way she has a blast living her new, highly connectedlife … well, that’s something she can live with.
Her course starts enrollment on February 1st.
Don’t wait to sign up, because it will be closed long before February 14th.
Here’s her link: https://thesagemethod.com/
Subscribe to the LOA Today podcast: https://www.loatoday.net/subscribe
#loatoday#lawofattraction#manifesting#vibration#podcast#deliberatecreators#Q&A#alyxking#waltthiessen#danmangena#thangentthursdays
 

What Women Must Know - The Existential Threat You Never Heard of: Genetically Engineered Microbes with Jeffrey Smith

The Existential Threat You Never Heard of: Genetically Engineered Microbes with Jeffrey Smith
As leading spokesperson on GMO health dangers, Jeffrey Smith authored 2 global bestsellers, directed 5 films, delivered 1000 lectures and 1000 interviews in 45 countries, trained 1500 speakers and organized over 10,000 grassroots advocates. He is now sounding the alarm about the serious, even irreversible hazards from new genetic engineering techniques, which can lead to health and environmental catastrophes. Jeffrey leads the global Protect Nature Now coalition, urging governments to stop releases of all genetically engineered microbes. Jeffrey has recently released a new short film, “Don’t Let the Gene Out of the Bottle” which conveys the threat posed by genetically engineered microbes to humans and the environment.
 
https://protectnaturenow.com
https://www.protectnaturenowcoalition.org/

The Gary Null Show - 01.27.22

Large study links higher nutrient intake with lower risk of mortality during 9.3-year median period
 
University of Connecticut, January 25, 2022
 
A study that utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Education Survey (NHANES) found an association between having an adequate intake of vitamin E, iron, magnesium, potassium, EPA and DHA, essential amino acids and fiber and a lower risk of dying during a median follow-up period of 9.3 years. The study included 20,602 men and women enrolled in NHANES. During a median 9.3-year period, 3,539 participants died.  The participants who survived were more likely to have reported a higher intake of specific nutrients. Notably, compared to participants whose magnesium intake was among the lowest one-third, those whose intake was among the top third had a 22% lower adjusted risk of dying from any cause, a 35% lower risk of dying from cardiovascular disease and a 29% lower risk of cancer death during follow-up. Magnesium wasn’t the only nutrient linked to a lower risk of mortality during follow-up; the top consumers of vitamin E, iron, potassium and fiber had 19%, 15%, 18% and 16% lower respective risks of premature all-cause mortality.
 
(NEXT)
 
Active ingredient in cannabis protects aging brain cells
 
Salk researchers find cannabinol preserves mitochondrial function and prevents oxidative damage to cells Salk Institute, January 25, 2021
 
Decades of research on medical cannabis has focused on the compounds THC and CBD in clinical applications. But less is known about the therapeutic properties of cannabinol (CBN). Now, a new study by Salk scientists shows how CBN can protect nerve cells from oxidative damage, a major pathway to cell death. The findings, published online January 6, 2022, in the journal Free Radical Biology and Medicine, suggest CBN has the potential for treating age-related neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer’s. “We’ve found that cannabinol protects neurons from oxidative stress and cell death, two of the major contributors to Alzheimer’s,” says senior author Pamela Maher, a research professor and head of Salk’s Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory. “This discovery could one day lead to the development of new therapeutics for treating this disease and other neurodegenerative disorders, like Parkinson’s disease.”
 
(NEXT)
 
Apple polyphenols may slash inflammation marker levels, change gut microbiota
 
University of Auckland (New Zealand)
 
Polyphenols from apples may modify the bacterial populations in the gut, and reduce markers of inflammation, according a new study from New Zealand Data from a study indicated that adding extracts from genetically engineered apples with increased flavonoids led to 10-fold decrease in levels of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins than extracts from non-transformed apples. In addition, the total number of bacteria in the colons of animals fed a diet containing the transformed apple extracts was 6% higher than for mice fed the control diet, said the researchers in the Journal of Nutrition . “The findings here further demonstrate that apple consumption affects aspects of inflammatory pathways and the gut microbiota.
 
(NEXT)
 
Extra 10 minutes of daily activity could save 110,000 U.S. lives annually
 
National Cancer Institute, January 25, 2022
 
If everyone between 40 and 85 years of age were active just 10 minutes more a day, it could save more than 110,000 U.S. lives a year, a large study reports. "Our projections are based on an additional 10 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity," said lead researcher Pedro Saint-Maurice at the U.S. National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Md. "If the walk is brisk, it counts." And added exercise benefits everyone—white, Black, Asian and Hispanic, men and women, the investigators found.
 
(NEXT)
 
Alzheimer's defense: omega-3s linked to larger brain volume
 
University of South Dakota, January 24, 2022
 
Among the myriad changes that accompany aging, shrinking brain volume can be a worrying one. A normal part of growing older, it can also be a sign of Alzheimer's disease. But the good news is that a recent study suggests people with higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids have larger brain volumes in old age. The research, published in Neurology, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology, suggests that the larger brain volumes associated with higher omega-3 levels are the equivalent to preserving up to 2 years of brain health.
 
(VIDEO)
 
Dr. Robert Malone | Senator Ron Johnson COVID-19: A Second Opinion
 
(OTHER NEWS)
 
Authoritarian Madness: The Slippery Slope from Lockdowns to Concentration Camps
 
By John W. Whitehead & Nisha Whitehead, January 26, 2022
 
In the politically charged, polarizing tug-of-war that is the debate over COVID-19, we find ourselves buffeted by fear over a viral pandemic that continues to wreak havoc with lives and the economy, threats of vaccine mandates and financial penalties for noncompliance, and discord over how to legislate the public good without sacrificing individual liberty. The discord is getting more discordant by the day. Just recently, for instance, the Salt Lake Tribune Editorial Board suggested that government officials should mandate mass vaccinations and deploy the National Guard “to ensure that people without proof of vaccination would not be allowed, well, anywhere.” In other words, lock up the unvaccinated and use the military to determine who gets to be “free.” In Italy, the unvaccinated are banned from restaurants, bars and public transportation, and could face suspensions from work and monthly fines. Similarly, France will ban the unvaccinated from most public venues. In Austria, anyone who has not complied with the vaccine mandate could face fines up to $4100. Police will be authorized to carry out routine checks and demand proof of vaccination, with penalties of as much as $685 for failure to do so. In China, which has adopted a zero tolerance, “zero COVID” strategy, whole cities—some with populations in the tens of millions—are being forced into home lockdowns for weeks on end, resulting in mass shortages of food and household supplies. Reports have surfaced of residents “trading cigarettes for cabbage, dishwashing liquid for apples and sanitary pads for a small pile of vegetables. One resident traded a Nintendo Switch console for a packet of instant noodles and two steamed buns.” For those unfortunate enough to contract COVID-19, China has constructed “quarantine camps” throughout the country: massive complexes boasting thousands of small, metal boxes containing little more than a bed and a toilet. Detainees—including children, pregnant women and the elderly— were reportedly ordered to leave their homes in the middle of the night, transported to the quarantine camps in buses and held in isolation. If this last scenario sounds chillingly familiar, it should. Eighty years ago, another authoritarian regime established more than 44,000 quarantine camps for those perceived as “enemies of the state”: racially inferior, politically unacceptable or simply noncompliant. While the majority of those imprisoned in the Nazi concentration camps, forced labor camps, incarceration sites and ghettos were Jews, there were also Polish nationals, gypsies, Russians, political dissidents, resistance fighters, Jehovah’s Witnesses, and homosexuals. You don’t have to be unvaccinated or a conspiracy theorist or even anti-government to be worried about what lies ahead. You just have to recognize the truth in the warning: power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely. This is not about COVID-19. Nor is it about politics, populist movements, or any particular country. This is about what happens when good, generally decent people—distracted by manufactured crises, polarizing politics, and fighting that divides the populace into warring “us vs. them” camps—fail to take note of the looming danger that threatens to wipe freedom from the map and place us all in chains. It’s about what happens when any government is empowered to adopt a comply-or-suffer-the-consequences mindset that is enforced through mandates, lockdowns, penalties, detention centers, martial law, and a disregard for the rights of the individual.
 
(NEXT)
 
95% Deceptive: COVID Vaccine Efficacy & Medical Betrayal
 
How statistical sleights of hand betrayed the heart and soul of medicine. Dr. Benjamin Kaplan-Singer, MD.   January 25, 2022
 
COVID Combat Zones We are in the midst of informational and narrative warfare. All things COVID are active combat zones. Within this, vaccines are the most polarizing, controversial, hot button issue. On one extreme are those who believe COVID vaccines should be mandatory whether that is accomplished by: applying censorship, public shaming, and cancel culture to stifle dissent; making employment, school enrollment, travel, and private/public event participation contingent on vaccination status; threatening to remove licenses from medical professionals; or even going door-to-door with armed enforcers. (Yes, I have heard this suggested on multiple occasions.) On the other extreme are those who believe COVID vaccines are a bioweapon being used for depopulation, soul-harvesting, and to socially engineer a technocratic, totalitarian, panopticon state. Most people are in the center, doing their best to make sense of the risks and benefits of vaccination and early treatment options in order to make informed choices for themselves and their families. On November 16, 2020 NIH announced “Promising Interim Results from Clinical Trial of NIH-Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine” reporting “the candidate was safe and well-tolerated and noted a vaccine efficacy rate of 94.5%.”1 The New England Journal of Medicine published the trial on February 4, 2021 where it reported “94.1% efficacy.”2 On December 10, 2020 Pfizer and BioNTech announced “Publication of Results from Landmark Phase 3 Trial of BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine Candidate in The New England Journal of Medicine,” reporting “the vaccine candidate was well tolerated and demonstrated 95% efficacy in preventing COVID-19 in those without prior infection 7 days or more after the second dose.”3  The New England Journal of Medicine published the trial on December 31, 2020 reporting the vaccine was “95% effective in preventing Covid-19.”4 From “95% effective” it is a short cognitive leap to: When X% of the population vaccinates, COVID will (mostly) disappear When COVID (mostly) disappears life will return to normal(-ish) Vaccination protects the vulnerable People have a social responsibility to vaccinate The social contract means to participate in society you must vaccinate Trials showed the vaccines are safe, therefore the vaccines are safe The benefits of the vaccines clearly outweigh the risks The unvaccinated are overburdening hospitals If you do not vaccinate you are overburdening hospitals Overburdening hospitals kills innocent people The unvaccinated are the ones spreading COVID If you do not vaccinate you are killing someone’s grandma or immunocompromised child Trust the science, trust the experts The unvaccinated are spreading misinformation The unvaccinated are anti-science, brainwashed, delusional conspiracy theorists, ignorant, selfish assh*les Anyone who questions vaccines should be shamed, censored, canceled, or penalized Relative Deception The “95% effective” frame comes from Pfizer-BioNTech’s published trial and refers to a specific statistical measurement called relative risk reduction Of note, the trials did not look at: the effectiveness of the vaccine on hospitalizations, deaths, or transmission; on the effect of confirmed cases of COVID beyond 2 months post-vaccination; safety beyond 2 months; in addition, the control group did receive vaccination in what is called “crossover” which makes medium and longer term safety data very difficult, if not impossible, to ascertain. Furthermore, for trial results to translate to real world conditions we must make at least two assumptions: that the population being vaccinated is comparable to the population in the study and that the virus does not evolve in a way that reduces vaccine effectiveness. Keep in mind, the absolute risk reduction from these trials refers to the average decreased risk an individual has of getting a confirmed case of COVID (i.e. it does not confer information about hospitalization, death, transmission, nor “long COVID”) within a certain time window after vaccination. Absolute risk reduction is the best available measurement, but only conveys the average reduction in risk for the average individual in the trial. Pfizer-BioNTech’s “95% effective” vaccine reduces risk on average by 0.84% Moderna-NIH’s “94% effective” vaccine reduces risk on average by by 1.2% Gamaleya’s “91% effective” vaccine reduces risk on average by 0.93% J&J’s “67% effective” vaccine reduces risk on average by 1.2% AstraZeneca–Oxford’s “67% effective” vaccine reduces risk on average by 1.3% As you can clearly see, there is no correlation between the espoused effectiveness of a vaccine based on its relative risk reduction, and how much the vaccine decreases your personal risk of a confirmed case of COVID based on absolute risk reduction. Given the COVID vaccines reduce an individual’s risk of a confirmed case within a certain time window after vaccination by 0.84-1.3% – which some people will consider a marginal benefit – obvious questions ensue.